Biological Characteristics, Cultivation and Importance of the Artichoke Plant

Among the plants growing in the fertile lands of Azerbaijan, geranium is one of the potted plants that is distinguished by its rare delicate flowers, beauty, and unique fragrant scent, and is grown with great enthusiasm by our mothers and grandmothers in our homes. This plant is not only aesthetically pleasing, but has also carried symbolic meanings in many cultures since ancient times, and has been widely used in medicine and cosmetology. In Azerbaijan, the local population knows the plant as "Atirshah rose" and has been cultivating it with love and special affection for many years. The pleasant fragrance of its flowers, the spread of various species, and its cultivation as a long-lived plant further increase interest in geraniums. Geranium (Latin Geranium) is a genus of plants belonging to the Geranium family of the Geraniumaceae order of the plant kingdom. In our republic, it is mainly loved and cultivated as an ornamental plant. Our research on the plant shows that the geranium plant was brought to Europe and cultivated at the beginning of the 17th century, but its homeland is South Africa. There are over 400 species of the fragrant geranium plant known worldwide. Despite the large number of species, the fragrant "Pelargonium roseum" is the most common. The plant is popularly known as geranium. Information about the plant dates back thousands of years and has been reflected in the folklore, poetry, and artwork of many ancient civilizations. In ancient Greece, the plant was known as "peony" after the god Paeon, and was used as a medicinal plant due to its special scent and properties. In many countries around the world, including China and Japan, the geranium flower was considered a symbol of immunity, success, and wealth.

Later, geraniums began to be used in Europe for both medicinal and decorative purposes. The delicate and delicate structure of their flowers still maintains interest in the plant in Eastern countries, where it is cultivated as a decorative and ornamental plant. In Azerbaijan, it has become an integral part of courtyards, parks, and gardens among the people since ancient times. The most widespread species are Paeonia officinalis, Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia suffruticosa, and Paeonia tenuifolia. Different species differ in the structure, color, and fragrance of their flowers. Paeonia lactiflora is widespread in Asia, especially in China and Japan, and is distinguished by its fragrant, large, bright flowers. It is found in the forested areas of Europe. The species Paeonia suffruticosa grows as a semi-shrub and is known as a long-lived plant. Our research shows that different species of the plant differ in their ability to adapt to conditions, soil and climate selectivity. The Atirshah flower is seen as a symbol of love, peace, purity and wealth in many cultures. It has occupied a special place in imperial palaces in China, in works of art and poetry in Japan throughout history.

In many Western countries, it is considered a symbol of spring, purity and family values. Interest in the plant is still relevant in Azerbaijan. In many regions and villages of our republic, the local population eagerly cultivates the plant in open ground and indoors. It is loved as a symbol of elegance, delicacy and purity. In parks and alleys, various species of geranium are widely used as an ornamental plant due to their colorful flowers.

Keywords: tar, essential oil, slimy, vaccine, extract, herein, phenolcarbon

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