DOI: https://doi.org/10.36719/2789-6919/44/161-167
Ali Zalov
Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University
Doctor of Science in Chemistry
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-8906
zalov1966@mail.ru
Suraya Isayeva
Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University
Doctor of in Philosophy Mathematics
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9488-1811
surayye.necefova@gmail.com
Chlorination of Organic Compounds, Particle Sedimentation in Liquids and Linear Oscillator
Abstract
Sedimentation of suspensions occurs by gradual sedimentation of particles. An oscillatory dance is a physical system in motion. This term is applied to a material system if the quantities characterizing it change periodically over time. A classical oscillator is a mechanical system that oscillates around a state of equilibrium. The concept of an oscillator is used in the theory of electromagnetic radiation, solid state theory, description of oscillations of polyatomic molecules, etc. It plays an important role. The process of chlorination of organic compounds, widely used both in industrial and laboratory conditions is one of the important reactions in organic chemistry. The chlorination reaction is carried out by introducing chlorine atoms into organic molecules or replacing existing atoms with chlorine. Chlorinated derivatives significantly change the physical and chemical properties of organic compounds. The chlorination process is widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, polymers, pesticides and solvents. Depending on the reaction conditions, chlorination can occur by free-radical, electrophilic or nucleophilic substitution mechanisms. Studying the kinetics, mechanism and factors influencing this reaction is of great importance in terms of optimal process performance and obtaining the target product.
Key words: density, chlorine, reaction rate, differential equation, initial condition, functional dependence, homogeneous differential equation, extremum, suspension, sedimenatation, particle density, gravitational force, Archmedes’ principle, sedimentation rate, homogeneous friction force, oscillator, kinetic energy, potential energy, periodic function, second-order differential equation