Investigation of the Causes of Deformation Processes at Industrial Construction Sites and Methods of Geotechnical Rehabilitation
Novruz Shiraliyev1* 
, Sevda Huseynova1 
, Asmar Abbasova1 ,
Narmina Iskandarova1 , Aygun Khalilova1
Abstract. This paper investigates the causes of intensive structural deformations and differential settlements recorded at the construction site of an insulation board manufacturing plant. Based on comprehensive visual-geotechnical monitoring, diagnostic engineering-geological surveys, and a rigorous retrospective analysis of previously obtained laboratory data, it was established that the lithology of the underlying soils is represented by moisture-sensitive, poorly compacted loessial silty clay soils. Retrospective verification calculations showed that 14 out of 21 sampled soil specimens exhibit pronounced collapsible properties upon wetting, which allows classifying the site's ground conditions as Type II collapsible soil conditions. The primary catalysts for the developing structural damages were recognized as technological violations during backfill compaction operations, insufficient hydraulic slopes of protective concrete aprons, and the complete absence of functional stormwater drainage networks, which led to total surface water infiltration. To eliminate the developing geodynamic hazards and ensure the long-term operational reliability of the enterprise specialized geotechnical rehabilitation strategies are proposed and evaluated from structural, hydraulic, and economic perspectives. Special emphasis is placed on the application of advanced Jet Grouting technology to construct load-bearing soil-cement columns, along with creating reliable hydroisolation barriers and transitioning to deep pile foundations.
Keywords: geotechnics, differential settlement, Jet Grouting, loessial soils, deformation, engineering geology, geodynamics