DOI https://doi.org/10.36719/3104-4735/2/14-18
Peri Huseynova
Nakhchivan State University
PhD student
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7021-7806
perihuseynova@ndu.edu.az
Nurtaj Rahimova
Nakhchivan State University
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0718-1521
nurrehimli1@gmail.com
Sunay Gulmaliyev
Nakhchivan State University
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6662-4023
sunayhuseyinli9@gmail.com
Eco-Friendly Functional Modification of Biopolymers for
Technological Applications
Abstract
The transition toward sustainable material technologies has driven increasing attention to biopolymers as environmentally benign alternatives to conventional synthetic polymers. Owing to their renewable origin and biodegradability, biopolymers present a viable pathway for reducing environmental burdens in multiple technological domains. Nevertheless, intrinsic drawbacks such as limited mechanical robustness, moisture sensitivity, and restricted functional performance often constrain their direct use. Consequently, eco-friendly functional modification has become a central strategy for enhancing the technological relevance of biopolymers.
This article critically examines contemporary approaches employed to modify biopolymers using environmentally compatible methodologies. Emphasis is placed on chemical and physical modification routes that enable property optimization without undermining sustainability principles. In addition, recent progress in the development of biopolymer-based nanocomposites is discussed, highlighting their improved mechanical integrity and multifunctional performance in advanced applications, including packaging and biomedical systems. The interplay between polymer structure and functional behavior is analyzed to elucidate how targeted modifications can improve barrier efficiency, surface characteristics, and active functionalities such as antimicrobial or UV-protective properties. Furthermore, the environmental benefits of biopolymers are evaluated through biodegradability, renewability, and life cycle assessment perspectives. The contribution of modified biopolymers to circular economy frameworks, along with existing technological challenges and future research needs, is also addressed.
Keywords: biopolymers, eco-friendly functionalization, green materials, nanocomposites, sustainable technology, circular economy