DOI: https://doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/126/152-156
Ramiz Taghiyev
Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University
Master’s student
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1103-2117
ramiz.taghiev@gmail.com
Gulshan Abdullayeva
Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0168-9623
gulyareservation@mail.ru
Modern technologies and prospects for hydrogen transportation:
challenges, solutions and role in the development of hydrogen energy
Abstract
Hydrogen energy is considered a key element of the global strategy to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and transition to a low-carbon development model. Hydrogen is positioned as a versatile energy carrier, capable of partially or completely replacing traditional hydrocarbon resources in the transport sector, industry, and the electric power industry. However, one of the main factors hindering the large-scale implementation of hydrogen technologies remains the problem of its efficient and safe transportation. Unlike traditional fuels, hydrogen has a low volumetric energy density under normal conditions, requiring the use of specialized storage and delivery technologies that directly impact the economic efficiency and safety of the emerging infrastructure. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of key hydrogen transportation methods, including its movement in a gaseous state under high pressure, in liquefied form at cryogenic temperatures, and as part of chemical compounds such as ammonia, methanol, and liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC). A comparative analysis of these approaches is conducted, taking into account their technological features, energy intensity, safety indicators, and commercialization potential. Environmental aspects and potential risks associated with hydrogen leaks and losses, which can have an indirect impact on climate processes, are also considered. The final section analyzes promising areas for the development of hydrogen logistics, including the formation of international transport corridors, the integration of storage systems with renewable energy sources, and the improvement of regulatory frameworks. Thus, addressing hydrogen transportation challenges is a key factor in the development of a global hydrogen market and the implementation of sustainable energy development.
Keywords: hydrogen energy, hydrogen transportation, liquid hydrogen, hydrogen pipeline, cryogenic technologies, ammonia, hydrogen logistics, energy transition, sustainable development