Political and Diplomatic Aspects of Safavid-Ottoman Relations during the Reign of Shah Abbas II (1642-1666)
Solmaz Azimova
Abstract. This article examines the political and diplomatic aspects of Safavid-Ottoman relations during the reign of Shah Abbas II (1642–1666). The main objective of the study is to analyze the nature of relations between the two empires in the mid-seventeenth century, to explore the dynamics of diplomatic interaction, and to assess their impact on regional politics. The research is primarily based on Mohammad Tahir Vahid’s Abbasnama, one of the most important contemporary chronicles of the period. In addition, other historical sources and relevant scholarly literature have been used for comparative analysis. The article investigates the political environment that emerged after the Treaty of Qasr-e Shirin (1639), the development of diplomatic relations, the activities of embassies, diplomatic correspondence, border issues, and major regional events. Particular attention is paid to Shah Abbas II’s foreign policy strategy, his pragmatic approach toward the Ottoman Empire, and his efforts to preserve interstate peace through diplomatic means. The study also examines the Basra events, local border conflicts, and the Bashi-Achiq issue as examples of how both states sought to prevent regional tensions from escalating into large-scale military confrontation. The findings demonstrate that both the Safavid and Ottoman states prioritized political stability, economic and commercial interests, and the maintenance of peaceful relations over military conflict. The exchange of diplomatic missions, the ceremonial reception of ambassadors, and adherence to the provisions of the Treaty of Qasr-e Shirin played a significant role in preserving regional stability. The article concludes that Safavid-Ottoman relations during the reign of Shah Abbas II were characterized primarily by diplomatic cooperation, political pragmatism, and a mutual commitment to maintaining peace rather than by military confrontation.
Keywords: Shah Abbas II, Safavid State, Ottoman Empire, diplomatic relations, Treaty of Qasr-e Shirin, diplomatic missions