DOI: https://doi.org/10.36719/2789-6919/57/174-179
Shukur Nasirov
Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University
PhD in Technical Sciences
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6421-7549
shukur.nasirov@asoiu.edu.az
Jamala Mammadova
Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University
PhD in Technical Sciences
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-2233
cemile_adna@mail.ru
Research on the Development Directions of a High-parameter energy blocks
Abstract
The article examines scientific and technical approaches to improving the energy efficiency of steam-turbine thermal power plants (TPPs), which play a dominant role in modern electric power engineering. It is noted that approximately 65% of global electricity generation and nearly 90% of electricity production in Azerbaijan are provided by thermal power plants, making the efficient use of fuel and energy resources and the reduction of environmental impact critical objectives. Although the main technological equipment of steam-turbine units has reached a high level of technical maturity, the principal potential for further improvement of technical and economic performance lies in increasing the initial steam parameters, specifically pressure and temperature.
The study analyzes the development stages of power units operating under supercritical and ultra-supercritical steam parameters, as well as their thermodynamic advantages and operational performance indicators. The results demonstrate that higher steam parameters increase turbine heat drop and output power, improve the efficiency of both the power unit and the plant as a whole, and reduce specific fuel consumption. Increased efficiency also leads to a significant reduction in emissions of CO₂, NOₓ, SOₓ, and other harmful pollutants.
Furthermore, the article investigates the mechanical strength, heat resistance, and long-term operational characteristics of modern ferritic and martensitic steels P91 and P92 used in ultra-supercritical technologies. Although the application of advanced materials increases capital costs, these expenses are recovered within approximately 3-4 years through fuel savings and improved energy efficiency.
Keywords: Steam-gas plant, heating scheme, operating mode, critical, supercritical, gas turbine, steam turbine, waste heat boiler, power unit, efficiency