DOI: https://doi.org/10.36719/2789-6919/46/62-66
Kamala Aghayeva
Baku State University
PhD student
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6018-1264
kamala.aghayeva.sardar@bsu.edu.az
Violation of Attention Regulation in Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by age-inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Although it is primarily diagnosed in children, symptoms often persist into adolescence and adulthood. Children with ADHD experience difficulties with attention, task organization, impulse control, and emotional regulation, which lead to functional impairments at home, in school and in social settings. Globally, the prevalence of ADHD in children ranges between 5–10%; although precise statistics for Azerbaijan are limited, the number of children diagnosed with ADHD appears to be increasing. Genetic factors play a major role in the development of ADHD, with heritability estimated at around 70–80%. In addition to genetic influences on dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, environmental risk factors such as prenatal exposure to toxins, maternal psychopathology and birth-related complications are also significant. In ADHD, the core issue is not a complete lack of attention, but rather a disruption in attention regulation. Hyperfocus—the intense concentration on activities of personal interest—is one of the key features of this condition and is linked to dysregulation in dopamine systems. Early diagnosis, recognition of symptom heterogeneity, and individualized interventions can significantly improve the child’s quality of life.
Keywords: attention, hyperfocus, hyperactivity, impulsivity, inhibition