DOI: https://doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/126/162-168
Imamaddin Karimov
Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9770-8950
imamaddin.karimov@asoiu.edu.az
Wellhead Pressure and Choke Signatures as Early Indicators of
Near-Wellbore Instability
Abstract
This review synthesizes published evidence on wellhead pressure (WHP) fluctuations and choke behavior as early indicators of near-wellbore instability and sanding risk. The literature shows a consistent link between evolving rock failure near the wellbore and surface pressure signatures through changes in hydraulic resistance, solids loading, and flow regime. Geomechanical frameworks, including Mechanical Earth Models (MEM) and classical failure criteria, explain how stress redistribution can trigger shear breakouts or tensile damage, then alter pressure dynamics. Signal-processing studies report repeatable changes in time-domain and frequency-domain features, such as rising amplitude, shifting dominant frequencies, and increased low-frequency power during unstable conditions. Machine learning approaches improve detection and classification when studies define labels clearly and validate across wells, yet many reports still lack cross-well tests and standardized benchmarks. The review organizes findings into an implementable early-warning workflow that links geomechanical risk, surface signatures, and decision thresholds for safer operation and reduced sanding-related deferment.
Keywords: Near-wellbore instability, sand production, wellhead pressure fluctuations, choke signature analysis, surface-based early warning, signal processing