DOI: https://doi.org/10.36719/3104-4700/5/31-36
Correlation Between Nitrogenous Waste Products and Prooxidant-Antioxidant System Parameters
in Patients with Glomerulonephritis
Maya Gadirova1* 
, Firangiz Guliyeva2
Abstract. Chronic kidney diseases, particularly glomerulonephritis (GN), continue to represent a major global public health challenge. The progression of GN is heavily driven by escalating uremic intoxication, which exacerbates oxidative stress and provokes profound cellular pathogenic damage. Consequently, the primary objective of this study was to explore the pathogenetic interactions between end-products of nitrogen metabolism and the prooxidant-antioxidant network across various stages of chronic renal failure in GN patients. To achieve this, a cohort comprising 50 individuals diagnosed with GN (aged 30–80 years), divided into a conservative non-dialysis group (n = 21) and a terminal hemodialysis group (n = 29), along with 10 healthy controls, was recruited. Serum samples from all participants were analyzed using biochemical and spectrophotometric assays to quantify urea and uric acid concentrations, alongside lipid peroxidation (MDA) and antioxidant defense biomarkers (GSH and CAT). Our findings reveal that the advancement of the disease and the deepening of uremic toxicity significantly accelerate oxidative stress, culminating in a severe depletion of antioxidant defense mechanisms during the terminal stage. Therefore, the concurrent monitoring of these biochemical indices holds substantial prognostic value in clinical settings.
Keywords: glomerulonephritis, uremic intoxication, urea, oxidative stress, malondialdehyde, catalase, reduced glutathione