https://doi.org/10.36719/3104-4700/3/24-30
Ofeliya Abdullayeva
Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3562-3002
Vugar Abdullayev
Baku Slavic University, Baku, Azerbaijan
PhD in Art History
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4403-8778
abvugar@yahoo.de
On Non-Specific Ulcerative Colitis
(Ulcerative Colitis, Uc)
Abstract
This article addresses the clinical course and therapeutic approaches to non-specific ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by relapsing–remitting mucosal inflammation. Despite advances in therapy, achieving sustained remission remains a major clinical challenge. The multifactorial nature of UC—including genetic, immune, environmental, and microbiota-related factors—results in heterogeneous clinical presentations, complicating diagnosis and differentiation from other inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease. The authors present clinical and therapeutic data from patients evaluated between 2001 and 2025, utilizing diagnostic methods such as computed tomography and colonoscopy. Colonoscopy remains the gold standard, enabling direct visualization and histopathological confirmation. Optimization of treatment strategies, particularly through the integration of immunomodulatory agents, is essential for prolonging remission and reducing relapse rates. While oral administration is standard, combined oral and rectal delivery may improve outcomes, especially in distal disease. Local administration via microenemas with oil-based preparations allows targeted delivery to inflamed mucosa, potentially enhancing healing and minimizing systemic effects. This approach may be especially beneficial during seasonal exacerbation periods. In conclusion, individualized multimodal therapy combining systemic and topical immunomodulation appears effective in extending remission and preventing relapse in UC patients.
Keywords: ulcerative colitis, immunomodulators, oral administration, rectal administration, microenema therapy, inflammatory bowel disease