DOI: https://doi.org/10.36719/2706-6185/48/75-81
Samir Bakhshaliyev
Baku State University
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4054-2974
baxshaliev81@mail.ru
Arab Caliphate During the Reign of the Second Rashidun Caliph
Umar Ibn Al-Khattab
Abstract
The study shows that the activities and merits of Omar ibn Khattab, one of the most outstanding representatives of the era of the Righteous Caliphate in Islamic history, were of great importance for strengthening the Caliphate.
It is known that during the reign of Omar ibn Khattab, the military, administrative and financial structures of the Caliphate were formed. Omar also carried out legal and social reforms in the Islamic world, laying a solid foundation for the new state.
In garrison cities, his decrees are carried out by introducing strict military discipline. In addition, Arab soldiers and their families receive generous rewards for their military service and a significant share of the captured trophies.
But most importantly, the religion of Islam turned from a personal cult of the first Arab Muslims in Mecca into a spiritual ideology that united all Arab tribes.
Keywords: Caliphate, Omar ibn Khattab, reforms, Islamic world, governance