DOI: https://doi.org/10.36719/2706-6185/63/41-50
Decarbonization and Circular Supply Chain Integration in a Transit Economy: A Six-Pillar Policy Assessment for Azerbaijan’s Logistics Sector
Sadagat Ahmadova1 
, Rahiba Abdulhasanova2*
Abstract. Research on cutting carbon out of freight operations and research on the design of closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) have matured in parallel, with remarkably little contact between them. This paper asks where their combination yields something that neither delivers alone, and then reads the answer against a transit-dependent national economy. The work has two stages. An integrative review came first: queries covering January 2012 through March 2026 in Scopus, Google Scholar and the Core Collection of the Web of Science produced 412 records, from which 65 studies survived deduplication and full-text appraisal and entered the synthesis under a six-axis coding scheme. The second stage confronts that scheme with Azerbaijani strategy documents, agency reporting and branch statistics. Evidence drawn from modelled settings suggests that treating emission reduction and circular design as a single optimization problem lowers costs by as much as 31 per cent while cutting emissions by between 12 and 40 per cent, although such results hold only where financing channels, digital capability, managerial preparedness and geoecological reporting are already in place. At country level the assessment finds capital flowing into corridor infrastructure moving out of step with the instruments meant to govern emissions, and finds budgetary support unaccompanied by a carbon price unable to retain private green capital over time.
Keywords: decarbonization, closed-loop supply chain, sustainable logistics, green finance, geoecological monitoring, middle corridor, Azerbaijan