The Role of Ecological Innovations in Azerbaijan

The main purpose of the research is to identify the socio-economic development prospects and existing challenges of the cities of Mingachevir, Yevlakh, Naftalan, and Lankaran by analyzing their economic and geographical characteristics. Within the framework of the study, the use of economic potential, territorial development, and the state of infrastructure are evaluated, taking into account regional differences.

A comprehensive approach was used in conducting the research. In the first stage, statistical analysis and comparative analysis methods were applied to compare the economic indicators and geographical resources of the cities of Mingachevir, Yevlakh, Naftalan, and Lankaran. Using cartographic methods, an analysis of territorial structure was conducted, and the location and transport accessibility of the cities were assessed. Territorial description and observation methods played a key role in assessing concrete field observations and the actual situation.

At the same time, analyses were conducted based on scientific literature, state programs, strategic documents, and statistical databases. The combined use of these methods increased both the objectivity and analytical value of the research. As a result, economic, environmental, and social factors affecting the development of each city were systematically evaluated.

The results show that each of the studied cities has its own unique economic-geographical potential and development obstacles. For example, Mingachevir has great opportunities in terms of energy and water resources and holds strategic importance in the industrial sector. Yevlakh stands out with its logistics and trade opportunities due to its location at the intersection of transport corridors. Naftalan possesses a unique sanatorium-resort potential thanks to its therapeutic oil reserves, although it faces infrastructure and marketing challenges. Lankaran, with its rich nature and subtropical climate, has favorable conditions for agriculture and ecotourism.

Overall, the results demonstrate that with a targeted regional development policy, more efficient use of local resources and balanced interregional development can be ensured. This would stimulate economic growth and contribute to a fairer distribution of social welfare across the country.

The scientific-theoretical significance of the research lies in its contribution to existing scientific knowledge about the economic-geographical problems of Azerbaijani regions. Its practical significance is that the results can be used in the development of socio-economic development strategies for the regions, increasing investment attractiveness, and aiding the decision-making process of local administrative bodies.

For the first time, a systematic comparative analysis of the economic-geographical problems of the cities of Mingachevir, Yevlakh, Naftalan, and Lankaran has been conducted. The study evaluates the factors influencing the development of these cities collectively, reveals their specific characteristics, and justifies the need for individualized approaches.

Keywords: green economy, ecological innovations, energy efficiency, natural resources, state policy, international cooperation, sustainable development

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