DOI: https://doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/60/28-34
Gizyetar Shabanova
Azerbaijan State Agrarian University
Master student
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5725-1101
qizyetersabanova@gmail.com
The Environmental Problems Caused by Industrial
Activities in the Ganja Region
Abstract
Ganja city, located in the western part of Azerbaijan, is the country’s second-largest industrial center, hosting enterprises in metallurgy, chemistry, machinery, construction materials, food, and light industries. Although industrial activities contribute positively to economic growth and employment, they exert significant anthropogenic pressure on air, soil, and water ecosystems. The study uses monitoring reports of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources for 2023–2024, scientific articles, and laboratory analysis results. Concentrations of PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ particles in the atmosphere, as well as heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd) in soil and water, were evaluated and compared with international standards. The research revealed that industrial enterprises in Ganja cause air pollution, soil fertility decline, changes in the chemical composition of water bodies, loss of biodiversity, and disruption of local climatic conditions. The findings emphasize the necessity of implementing environmental management measures, modern purification technologies, the creation of green zones, and the promotion of public participation. These actions are essential for ensuring sustainable industrial development and ecological stability in Ganja city.
Keywords: Ganja city, industrial pollution, air quality, soil and water ecosystems, biodiversity, environmental management