DOI: https://doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/57/9-13
Fidan Musayeva
Baku State University
Bachelor
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6954-065X
musayevaf.03.gmail.com
Narmina Abdullayeva
Baku State University
PhD in Biology
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6954-065X
abdullaeva-narmina@rambler.ru
The Hormone Cortisol and its Biological Role in Metabolic Disorders
Abstract
Cortisol one of the steroid hormones, is synthesized by the adrenal gland under the control of the hypothalamus, under the stimulation of the ACTH hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The paraventricular cells of the hypothalamus secrete the hormone CRH (corticitropin releasing hormone), which causes the secretion of ACTH by corticotroph cells from the anterior pituitary. ACTH is derived from the precursor POMC (proopiomelanocortin) consisting of 241 amino acids. In the pituitary, POMC is cleaved by prohormone convertase-1 into POMC ACTH and 2 polypeptides, the N-terminal peptide and beta-lipoprotein. After ACTH binds to the GPSR of the adrenal gland, intracellular signaling begins and hydrolyzes cholesterol in the cytosol. Cortisol levels are determined by a number of methods, ELISA, RIA, colorimetric and immunoassays.
Keywords: cortizol, steroid hormones, glucocorticoids, liver, glukoneogenesis, carbohydrate metabolism